TAR-21


   The TAR-21, or simply Tavor, is a modern assault rifle of caliber 5,56 mm manufactured by Israel, considered one of the best weapons in its category for its reliability in adverse conditions.2 The acronym "TAR-21" mean in English "Tavor Assault Rifle - XXI Century", when "the new century rifle" is chosen by the Israel Defense Forces (Tzáhal), while the name Tavor comes from Mount Tabor north of Israel. It is expected that in the next few years it will serve as the main infantry weapon of this country. The Tavor was designed by Zalmen Shebs, head of the project, and is the result of the work of the engineers of Israel Military Industries (IMI), a public mega-company whose light weapons factory, "Maguén" (shield in Spanish) was privatized in 2005 changing its name to Israel Weapons Industries (IWI).

  The Israeli army actively participated in the design of the rifle towards the end of the 20th century, and it was even it who defined the requirements, both operative and technical, of the same. The objective was to manufacture a weapon that would significantly improve the capabilities of the infantry soldier, so comparative tests were conducted with the American assault rifles M16 (AR-15) and the most advanced M4, in different scenarios, including urban operations , CQB (combat in closed spaces) and a proper term of the IDF - conquest of a fortified objective. The results of those tests gave Tavor the advantage over the M4 carbine, both in terms of precision and drive, resistance and reliability. An Israeli soldier with a rifle Model С.T.A.R. 21 hung on the shoulder.

   The first units entered service during the Defensive Shield operation, and according to the good reviews it was selected as the future long endowment weapon in the infantry and parachuting units of the IDF. However, due to budgetary constraints, sufficient quantities were purchased to supply only a part of the infantry battalions (until the end of 2006, 16,000 units had been delivered). The army opted for the CTAR-21 model (Tavor Comandos), with its reduced-length gun suitable for urban operations. The recruits of the Guivati ​​infantry brigade were the first to receive it in August 2006, followed by the Golani brigade in August 2008, the Caracal battalion in 2009, and as of March 2011, the recruits of the Nahal brigade.

   Nevertheless, the IDF did not endow all of its infantry with the CTAR. In 2007 the cessation of supply was announced due to "youth problems" that had been detected in the rifles, including the stuffing of bullets. Once these were overcome, taking advantage also to improve the firing mechanism, he was reintroduced into the Armed Forces with the decision to equip the soldiers with the improved version, TAR-21 block 81. In December 2008 they were handed over to the elite unit Sayeret Guivati ​​several copies of the Micro-Tavor, MTAR-21, during a kind of two-month pilot program, after which the soldiers reported zero incidents.

   In late 2009 the Israeli Army announced the provision of all its soldiers with the Micro Tavor, considered the most coveted by its soldiers as it combines very small dimensions with an impeccable precision at distances of up to 500 meters, replacing the CTAR 21 and M-4 in service. The first to receive it as a weapon were the members of the reconnaissance battalion of the Guivati ​​Brigade, followed by the other infantry battalions. In October 2011 he was made the elite company of the Army Corps of Engineers, owing to the advantage of a short weapon in demining operations, one of the objectives of the unit. In 2012 the GL40 grenade launcher was introduced, specially designed to be coupled to the MTAR-21 (taking into account its tiny dimensions).


TAR-21



HK G28

    The sniper rifle of Heckler & Koch HK G28 is the result of the recent experience of the Bundeswehr (German army) in Afghanistan. This rifle is designed to extend the effective range of the infantry in front of the enemy beyond the standard 5.56mm NATO assault rifles and light machine guns. While the effective range of 5.56mm is around 400 meters, the HK G28 of 7.62mm allows accurate fire up to 600 meters and suppression fire up to 800 meters. It is intended to be used as a support weapon at the platoon level during patrols and other operations where the use of 7.62mm machine guns or heavier support weapons are not available or are not desirable. The HK G28 rifle has already had its baptism of fire entering service in German units operating in Afghanistan.

   The HK G28 sniper rifle is based on the civilian competition rifle Heckler & Koch MR308, which is in turn an adaptation of the automatic assault rifle HK 417. If it says that the HK G28 has in common with the HK 417 around 75 % of the pieces. According to the technical advertisement of Heckler & Koch, each HK G28 rifle has an accuracy equal or better than 1.5 MOA (for angles minute) for groups of 10 shots with standard ammunition.

   The HK G28 is a semiautomatic rifle with gas-powered recharge, uses a short piston system with a 2-position gas regulator, which allows effective and safe use of standard or subsonic ammunition (with sound moderator or silencer). The barrel is closed by a conventional rotary bolt of the AR-15 style. The receiver is divided into two sections, the upper one made of steel and the lower one made of aluminum alloy. The feeding is by means of loaders of 10 or 20 bullets made of translucent plastic. The cannon floats freely inside the handguard.

   The HK G28 can be deployed in two interchangeable versions, the HK G28 Standard with long handguard, bipod, telescopic stock with adjustable cheek piece and a Schmidt & Bender PMII 3-20x50 day telescopic sight with laser distance meter installed on the top and the HK G28 Patrol version with a shorter and lighter handguard, a simpler telescopic stock and a Schmidt & Bender PMII 1-8x24 day telescopic sight. The rifle comes equipped with rails for accessories STANAG 4694 OTAN on top of the receiver and in the handguard.

  The German company Heckler & Koch has taken advantage of his stay at the Milipol international fair, held in Paris from October 18 to 21, 2011, to officially present his latest design for the military field. This is his new rifle HK G28 DMR, a militarized version of his successful MR308 assault rifle aimed at the marksman of the Army of Germany.

  This new combat rifle comes equipped with the usual tactical handguard that the Oberndorf firm is incorporating to its latest designs (HK416 and HK MR308). It also has a telescopic stock with adjustable cheek piece and tactical monopod as standard. For the time being, the German Army has already commissioned Heckler & Koch to purchase several hundred semi-automatic rifles, which will be available to German soldiers from the next few months.


Heckler & Koch HK G28



H&K G36


   The Heckler & Koch G36 is a 5.56mm assault rifle designed by Heckler & Koch in Germany during the 1990s as a replacement for the HK G3. Until October 16, 2017 will be the regulation rifle of the Bundeswehr, and will be gradually replaced by the HK416A7, but continues as the main weapon in the Armed Forces of Spain, the Army of Lithuania, among other users. It is also used by a large number of special operations units from different countries.

    The HK G36 was born in the 1980s when the Bundeswehr commissioned the arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch to develop a new weapon system to replace the service rifle of the German Armed Forces since the 1950s: the Heckler & Koch G3 . This commission came after two previous designs by Heckler & Koch, the revolutionary Heckler & Koch G11 and the more conventional Heckler & Koch G41 were both rejected in the 1980s. Instead of starting from scratch with a completely new design, the engineers of Heckler & Koch, led by Ernst Mauch, devised in the early 1990s what within the company was known as HK50, which subsequently, once was accepted into the military market, the Bundeswehr named it G36.

   For its new HK50 (or 50 project), the company borrowed features from a variety of older designs and added some experience-driven innovations with previous designs HK 36, HK VP70 and HK G11. The firing system is more similar to the AR-18, using an automatic reloading system with short recoil gas driven piston and Johnson / Stoner rotary bolt. While the AR-18 used a conventional piston and dual guide rods, the G36 uses a piston with rings similar to the M16 rifle and only one guide rod. In 1995 the G36 was selected by the Bundeswehr to replace the mythical and veteran Heckler & Koch G3. The rifle fires the standard cartridge 5.56 x 45 NATO with a maximum rate of 750 rounds per minute, it can also fire in semiautomatic mode or in bursts, for which it has a selector lever on the trigger. The firing mechanism is operated by gas with a rotary bolt head, instead of the delayed roller system (semi-rigid locking) previously used by HK on the HK G3. This rifle uses a short-stroke gas piston system, which keeps the cash drawer very clean and free of jamming, getting a rifle capable of firing tens of thousands of cartridges without cleaning it. It is a contrast to the complicated M16, which caused many failures in its early years and still today requires meticulous cleaning to work reliably. 

    The G36 has four different main versions, which share the same box of mechanisms and differ only in the weight and length of the barrel and the forearm. In addition, for each of the three versions there is an export variant (previously called E, now V). 

  G36 Main version. You can fire standard NATO rifle grenades and carry an attachment next to the flame arrester to attach a bayonet knife. The 100-cartridge Beta C-Mag and the bipod cartridges, originally designed for the MG36, can also be used. There is also a modified handguard for attaching the AG36 40mm grenade launcher.

    G36V, before G36E. Export version of the G36. G36K (Kurz). Carbine version. It differs from the G36 in that it has the shorter gun and handguard, the length of the barrel is 318 mm. With the folded stock, its total length is 615 mm, which makes it suitable for both closed spaces and inside vehicles. G36KV, before G36KE. Export version of the G36K. G36C (Compact). Compact version With a very short cannon and handguard, it is a compact rifle with a 228 mm barrel. With the folded stock it has a total length of 500 mm and is shorter than the MP5 of 9 mm. The G36C is the shortest production line 5.56 mm carbine to date. Its size makes it especially suitable for operations in tight spaces or any other application where a powerful and compact weapon is required. Due to its compact design it has a handguard and additional views can also be added to the user's choice. This assault rifle has been subjected to numerous tests. The G36C is capable of shooting in water, as well as being covered in sand and mud.

    MG36 (Maschinegewehr). Light machine gun version. With the same length as the G36, it mounts a heavier gun. A bipod is included in the standard equipment, as well as 100 cartridges (although it accepts the standard 30 chargers).



Heckler & Koch G36



AR-15

    The ArmaLite AR-15 is a 5.56 mm assault rifle, powered by gas and powered from a magazine, which has a rotating bolt and a linear design. It was designed by Eugene Stoner, Leroy James Sullivan and Bob Fremont, from the AR-10 rifle. The AR-15 was designed from the start as a light assault rifle, which would fire a new cartridge with a small-caliber, high-speed bullet, which would allow soldiers to carry more ammunition.

    In 1959, ArmaLite sold its rights on AR-10 and AR-15 to Colt's Manufacturing Company due to financial difficulties. The Colt continued to produce the rifle under the Colt ArmaLite AR-15 brand and publicized it to various Armed Forces around the world. After several modifications (mainly the relocation of the cargo handle from under the carrying handle to the rear of the receiver), the redesigned new rifle was adopted by the United States Army as the M16 rifle, which entered production in March 1964. The Colt continued to use the trademark AR-15 for its series of semi-automatic rifles aimed at the civil and police market, known as Colt AR-15. The ArmaLite AR-15 was the forerunner of a variety of models of semi-automatic and assault rifles.

   Developed in 1956, the AR-15 owes its existence to studies conducted that proved that the best military cartridge would be similar to a .223 Remington high speed. On the basis of this analysis, the US Army requested the design of a 5.56 mm caliber rifle with an effective range of 500 meters, leaving the project in charge of Eugene Stoner. It was used in the Vietnam War by the United States. The standard AR-15 rifle accepts a wide variety of loaders with different capacities and has a pistol protruding from the cylinder head line, resulting in a highly adaptable and configurable rifle. 

    It can be equipped with accessories such as a bipod, retractable or folding heads, cannons with flame arresters and rail systems to add flashlights, laser pointers, telescopic sight, etc. It has a mechanism drawer with two sections, upper and lower, separated and easy to disassemble without tools. The upper section is considered as an isolated accessory and can be purchased from various suppliers. This is attractive for those who wish to acquire several upper sections in different calibers and exchange them, still using the same lower section. However, people should be aware of the configuration of the rifle, since there may be laws that restrict certain modifications (eg, in the United States).

    After the Second World War, the US Army began to look for an automatic rifle to replace the M1 Garand, the M1 / ​​M2 carbines, the M1918 BAR, the M3 "Grease Gun" and the Thompson.89 However, the first experiments with M1 Garand versions equipped with trigger mode selector proved to be disappointing. During the Korean War, the M2 carbine with selector replaced mainly the sub-machine gun in US service11 and became the most used carbine. However, the combat experience showed that the cartridge. Carbine was not very powerful. American weapon designers came to the conclusion that an intermediate power cartridge was necessary, recommending one to mount a small-caliber, high-speed bullet.

    However, retired American commanders who had faced fanatical enemies and experienced significant logistical problems during World War II and the Korean War, insisted that a single 7.62mm caliber cartridge be developed, which would not only be used by the new automatic rifle, but also by the new general-purpose machine gun that was being developed. This culminated in the development of the 7.62 x 51 OTAN cartridge. Then the US Army began testing several rifles to replace the obsolete M1 Garand. The T44E4 and heavier T44E5 of the Springfield Arsenal were essentially upgraded versions of the Garand modified to fire the new 7.62mm cartridge, while the Fabrique Nationale of Herstal sent its FN FAL with the designation T48. The ArmaLite entered the contest late, hastily sending several prototypes of the AR-10 in the fall of 1956 to the Springfield Arsenal to be tested. An AR-10 ArmaLite with its mounted bayonet, manufactured by Artillerie Inrichtingen (A.I.).

    The AR-10 had an innovative design that aligned the stock with the barrel, its cassette was made of forged aluminum alloy and its stock and forend were phenolic resin. It had simple raised aiming mechanisms, a large muzzle breaker / aluminum muzzle brake and an adjustable gas system. The final prototype had a mechanism drawer with two halves (lower and upper) joined with the usual hinge and disassembly pins, while the loading handle was on the mechanism drawer, under the carrying handle. For a rifle firing the 7.62 x 51 NATO cartridge, the AR-10 was very light, weighing just 3.10 kg unloaded. Initial comments from the Springfield Arsenal test team were favorable, some of the testers commenting that the AR-10 was the best light automatic rifle that was tested at Arsenal. 

    

AR-15



FN F2000

    The FN F2000 is a 5.56 mm caliber bullpup assault rifle, designed by the company FN Herstal in Belgium. The FN F2000 made its debut in March 2001 at the IDEX defense exhibition held in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. The FN F2000 is a bullpup design weapon, with selective fire system, and uses the 5.56 x 45 mm NATO compact ammunition. The rifle is made up of two main parts that are the frame of the barrel and the main frame, coupled together by a pin shaft located above the trigger guard. Over the barrel has Picatinny rails, with which you can attach different accessories such as optical sights, reflex, etc. The main frame contains the trip unit, the closing and the closing device, the return mechanism and the charger.
    The FN F2000 is operated by automatic back-off system, and is a fully ambidextrous rifle. But the security system and the trigger mechanism were taken from the P90 sub-machine gun. The selector is a disk located under the trigger, which fulfills double function and ensures against accidental firing (the selector has 3 positions: "S" - safe, "1" - semiautomatic mode, "A" - automatic mode). The "safe" position disables the trigger. The group of hammer and springs are made of steel, while all the other components are made of injection molded nylon, and the outside of the rifle is made of composite materials.

    One of the most notable characteristics of the FN F2000 is the fact that the pod ejector (bushings) is oriented in the direction of the barrel, completely parallel to it, whereby the empty pods are repelled towards the front of the gun, in the same direction to which the weapon points, which allows its use to right-handed and left-handed people. The FN F2000 uses standard NATO loaders (STANAG charger) with a capacity for 30 cartridges. The magazine retention / release button is installed symmetrically on the pistol grip on the front of the magazine; The magazine retainer is operated by a large actuator. The F2000 is not factory set with a free-fall charger system due to the friction of the removable dust joints. You have to remove the charger manually. The rifle does not have a latch retention device, and this is not open after firing the last cartridge.

    One of the modules developed for the F2000 system is a GL1 grenade launcher with a patented light weight of 40 mm (empty weight - 1 kg) that uses standard 40 × 46 mm low speed grenades. The launcher is a single-breech reversed-pump action weapon with a barrel that slides forward to load and unload (such as the M203 grenade launcher), blocked by the axial rotation of the barrel.

    The trigger of the grenade launcher is installed directly under the trigger of the F2000 so that it can be manipulated without removing the firing hand from the grip of the rifle. The double action trigger allows the operator to "try again" if the percussion primer of the grenade does not turn on. The breech release button is located on the left side of the launcher body, as in the M203. The grenade launcher comes with a basic bascule staircase view, but was intended to be used with a specially designed optoelectronic fire control system designated FCS, developed in cooperation with the Finnish company Noptel.

    The aiming module is installed in place of the standard optical sight and becomes the main sight of the weapon when mounted, but its main objective is to accurately determine and indicate the range of a grenade target. The module is powered by a 9 V battery pack, installed in the inventory, behind the magazine compartment. The power pack is also intended to power any other accessory or tactical system that can be introduced. The FCS integrates a low power laser rangefinder (with an accuracy of ± 1 m), a diurnal orientation channel with an electronically projected graticule, a measured range screen reading and a diode elevation adjustment indicator.



FN F2000

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